The French Foreign Legion was created by Louis Philippe, the King of the French, on 10th March 1831. The direct reason was that foreigners were forbidden to serve in the French Army after the 1830 July Revolution (which became known as the July Monarchy) so the foreign legion was created to allow the government a way around this restriction. The purpose of the foreign legion was to remove disruptive elements from society and put them to use fighting the enemies of France. Recruits included failed revolutionaries from the rest of Europe, soldiers from the disbanded foreign regiments, and troublemakers in general, both foreign and French. Algeria was designated as the foreign legion's home.
The foreign legion was primarily used, as part of the Armée d’Afrique, to protect and expand the French colonial empire during the 19th century, but it also fought in almost all French wars including the Franco Prussian War and both World Wars. The Foreign Legion has remained an important part of the French Army, surviving three Republics, The Second French Empire, two World Wars, the rise and fall of mass conscript armies, the dismantling of the French colonial empire and the French loss of the Foreign Legion's base, Algeria.
On 10th March 1876, three days after his patent was issued, Alexander Graham Bell succeeded in getting his telephone to work, using a liquid transmitter. Vibration of the diaphragm caused a needle to vibrate in the water, varying the electrical resistance in the circuit. When Bell spoke the famous sentence "Mr Watson—Come here—I want to see you" into the liquid transmitter, Watson, listening at the receiving end in an adjoining room, heard the words clearly. |
| Strowger |
Almon Brown Strowger, an undertaker in Topeka, Kansas, gave his name to the electromechanical telephone exchange technology that his invention and patent inspired. His patent application identifies him as being a resident of Kansas City, Missouri on 10th March, 1891.
According to legend, Almon Strowger was motivated to invent an automatic telephone exchange after having difficulties with the local telephone operators, where the wife of a competitor was one of them. He was said to be convinced that she, as one of the manual telephone exchange operators was sending calls "to the undertaker" to her husband, who ran a competing undertaker business.He first conceived his invention in 1888, and patented the automatic telephone exchange on 10th March 1891. It is reported that he initially constructed a model of his invention from a round collar box and some straight pins.
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