TRAINS SCANDAL AND NOBEL PRIZES

On the 5^th June 1883 the first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.

On the 5^th June 1956 Elvis Presley introduces his new single, "Hound Dog", on The Milton Berle Show, scandalizing the audience with his suggestive hip movements.

British Secretary of State for War John Profumo resigns in a sex scandal known as the Profumo Affair. In March 1963, Profumo stated to the House of Commons that there was "no impropriety whatsoever" in his relationship with Ms Christine Keeler and that he would issue writs for libel and slander if the allegations were repeated outside the House. (Within the House, such allegations are protected by Parliamentary privilege.) However, in June, Profumo confessed that he had misled the House and lied in his testimony and on 5^th June, he resigned his Cabinet position, as well as his Privy Council and Parliamentary membership.

The first "pure" Bose–Einstein condensate was created by Eric Cornell, Carl Wienan, and co-workers at JILA on 5^th June 1995. They did this by cooling a dilute vapor consisting of approximately two thousand rubidium-87 atoms to below 170 nK using a combination of laser cooling (a technique that won its inventors Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics) and magnetic evaporative cooling. About four months later, an independent effort led by Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT created a condensate made of sodium-23. Ketterle's condensate had about a hundred times more atoms, allowing him to obtain several important results such as the observation of quantum mechanical interference between two different condensates. Cornell, Wieman and Ketterle won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievements. A group led by Randall Hulet at Rice University announced the creation of a condensate of lithium atoms only one month following the JILA work. Lithium has attractive interactions which causes the condensate to be unstable and to collapse for all but a few atoms. Hulet and co-workers showed in a subsequent experiment that the condensate could be stabilized by the quantum pressure from trap confinement for up to about 1000 atoms.